© Irfan Khan/Getty photos COVID-19 vaccination center at Cal Poly Pomona greater than a yr and a half into the coronavirus pandemic, americans are anxious, depressed and annoyed — but additionally hopeful, as vaccines are getting to millions of individuals across the nation, and reports demonstrate that they work in opposition t the deadly ailment.
Fauci on vaccine boosters for immunocompromised and updated CDC advice for pregnant women
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but because the vaccine has rolled out, so have the questions: Who should get it? What's safe to do once you're vaccinated? What about leap forward instances?
listed here are the answers to your most often requested questions about the vaccine, including its effectiveness, its risks, and what to predict when it comes to facet consequences.
How can i get the COVID vaccine?Vaccine distribution acquired off to a patchy and puzzling beginning, with some states rolling out quicker than others to different precedence businesses, however vaccines at the moment are generally attainable across the U.S. and eligibility has accelerated to encompass each person age 12 and up. The tempo of vaccinations reached a peak of over 3 million photographs per day in April before starting to decline.
greater than sixty two% of eligible individuals within the U.S. (a long time 12 and up) had been fully vaccinated as of early September, the CDC studies, and over 73% have gotten as a minimum one dose.
Doses are available — for gratis — at hundreds of vaccination sites and pharmacies throughout the country.
To discover a area near you, visit the website vaccines.gov, text your ZIP code to 438829, or call 1-800-232-0233 (the CDC says the call middle operates in one hundred fifty+ languages).
When can little ones get the vaccine?The Pfizer vaccine bought authorization in may also for teenagers age 12 to 15 after scientific trial consequences confirmed it is safe and useful in that age group. That has allowed many college students to get vaccinated in opposition t COVID-19 earlier than the delivery of the school year.
however younger kids will must wait a while longer. Vaccine makers have begun including younger little ones in medical trials, with effects anticipated in the coming months. Many consultants are expecting vaccines to be obtainable for more youthful age businesses by means of early this iciness.
© offered with the aid of CBS information What fogeys should still find out about Pfizer shot fo... 01:24 The Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are presently approved simplest for a long time 18 and up.
What are the adjustments between the COVID vaccines?In December 2020, the FDA approved emergency use of the primary two coronavirus vaccines within the U.S., one made by using Pfizer and BioNTech, and the different by way of Moderna. each require two doses. a third vaccine, from Johnson & Johnson's Janssen Biotech division, obtained FDA authorization in late February and simplest requires one shot.
All three proved extremely valuable at preventing extreme disease, hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19.
On August 23, Pfizer's vaccine grew to become the first to be granted full FDA approval. The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are both made the usage of messenger RNA, or mRNA, know-how.
traditionally, vaccines had been made from a weakened or inactivated germ that trains the immune gadget to battle off infection if it encounters the virus in the future. however mRNA vaccines do some thing different: They teach human physique cells the way to make a harmless piece of a protein — a "spike protein" — this is additionally found on the surface of the coronavirus. After that protein piece emerges on the floor of a mobilephone, the human immune device recognizes it and begins making antibodies for it — which offer insurance policy if the person is exposed to the exact virus sooner or later.
One change between the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines is the wait time between both required doses: Pfizer's are given 21 days aside, whereas the Moderna photographs are given 28 days aside.
Johnson & Johnson took a different approach, developing what's referred to as a viral vector vaccine — a kind that has been used for years towards different diseases. It uses an altered, innocent, non-replicating version of a standard bloodless virus, referred to as adenovirus category 26, to introduce genetic directions for the "spike protein." The immune device responds by using making antibodies so we can give protection to the grownup if they're infected via SARS-CoV-2, the virus that explanations COVID-19, in the future.
Johnson & Johnson's single-dose vaccine has the skills of being kept in general fridges, while both others should be saved and transported at below-freezing temperatures.
What are the established aspect effects of the COVID vaccines?In prevalent, aspect effects aren't exceptional with vaccines, and the COVID-19 shot isn't any exception. Your body's immune reaction might include the same kinds of aspect outcomes often considered with other vaccines, together with a sore arm, fatigue, fever, chills or complications.
"here is anticipated," Dr. Neeta Ogden, an inside drugs expert and immunologist, referred to in an interview on CBSN.
"americans should still possibly suppose about vaccinating on weekends, as an example," she referred to. "You probably may should take a day off from work. … this is predictable and i do not think that it's alarming."
no longer each person experiences aspect effects, but doctors stress that their incidence is standard and may not discourage americans from getting the photographs.
Can the facet consequences be minimized?The CDC offers some information on how to fight vaccine facet effects: After vaccination, use or frivolously pastime the arm that bought the shot. Take Tylenol or Motrin for any pain you may have, but simplest after you've gotten gotten the shot, not before. The CDC additionally recommends drinking a whole lot of beverages after you get either the first or 2d dose. If redness or tenderness raises on the vaccination site in the days following the shot, the CDC recommends that you name your medical professional.
Do the COVID vaccines give protection to in opposition t new variants?fitness officials say the vaccines still present mighty insurance plan towards severe sickness from the present editions. fresh statistics show hospitalization costs among unvaccinated adults had been 17 times greater than among the many entirely vaccinated, the AP suggested.
There are currently four "versions of concern": Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta. Delta, which became up in the U.S. within the spring, is more contagious and now makes up the overwhelming majority of U.S. circumstances — about 99% of latest infections are Delta.
experts are also keeping an eye on the Mu variant, which emerged in Colombia in January, and which has mutations suggesting it may well be able to skip current coronavirus antibodies.
"however there is never loads of scientific facts to indicate that. it's frequently laboratory in vitro records," Dr. Fauci stated. "...We don't consider it an immediate hazard at the moment."
Who mustn't get a COVID vaccine?The CDC says individuals allergic to the ingredient polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate, which is an identical, should now not get an mRNA COVID vaccine, and any individual who has an immediate allergy to the primary dose should still no longer get the 2nd one.
A handful of americans suffered adversarial reactions, including anaphylaxis, after getting the vaccine, but all recovered.
individuals with a heritage of hypersensitive reaction to a vaccine or injectable remedy for another disease should confer with their doctors, the CDC advises. It says americans with meals allergies do no longer need to steer clear of the vaccine.
in the event you get a COVID vaccine all over pregnancy?The CDC updated its tips in August to suggest that individuals who are pregnant or planning to develop into pregnant should still get vaccinated in opposition t COVID-19, citing a turning out to be quantity of records verifying the safeguard of the vaccines during pregnancy.
"i would say when you are pregnant, now not best is it a good suggestion to get the vaccine on the groundwork of safety, however it's particularly valuable and demanding since you are at elevated risk of unhealthy results if you get COVID," mentioned Surgeon accepted Vivek Murthy.
© provided by way of CBS news CDC: Pregnant ladies should get vaccinated 07:46 youngsters pregnant people have been now not protected in the preliminary clinical trials, tens of hundreds of pregnant ladies have now gotten the pictures safely. additional research has found no safeguard considerations and no improved risk of miscarriage.
Many doctors say the photographs are certainly essential because of the standard risk of severe illness from COVID-19 right through being pregnant.
"i recommend tremendously that all pregnant girls be immunized, from preliminary discovery of the pregnancy appropriate as much as term," Dr. Bob Lahita, professor of medicine ny clinical faculty and chairman of medication St. Joseph college medical institution, observed on CBSN. He said there's "no evidence" that the vaccine "has any impact on the placenta, on the fetus, on the mom. apart from if one gets the an infection, the COVID, and you are pregnant, you run the chance of fitting very, very unwell."
How long will COVID vaccine insurance policy last?Researchers and health specialists say they don't yet understand for sure. On its legit net FAQ, the CDC says, "We might not know how long immunity lasts after vaccination unless we now have more data on how smartly COVID-19 vaccines work in real-world situations."
Moderna CEO Stephane Bancel offered a tough window: "We trust there might be coverage probably for a few years."
but amid the unfold of the more transmissible Delta variant and proof that vaccine efficacy is waning somewhat, U.S. health officers begun setting up plans to offer booster shots to enhance insurance plan.
What's a booster shot and when can i get one?A "booster" refers to an additional dose for those whose immune systems replied neatly to the initial vaccines however could face waning efficacy as time goes on.
Pharmacies all started offering third doses to wholly vaccinated, immunocompromised sufferers in August 2021. Roughly 10 million americans in the U.S. may also qualify for such additional photographs, with roughly 3% of americans estimated to be immunocompromised.
Pharmacy chains predict the FDA to authorize boosters for the general over-12 population as quickly as September 2021.
can you still spread COVID after getting the vaccine?people who acquire a vaccine dramatically lower their possibility of getting unwell from the virus, notwithstanding in a relatively small variety of instances, individuals may also catch what's known as a leap forward infection regardless of being vaccinated. Vaccinated individuals who contract the virus may additionally have a high viral load for a duration of time, besides the fact that they do not strengthen indicators. however most research suggests the vaccines support reduce its spread.
What are my dangers of a leap forward an infection?huge-scale records remains trickling in, however a London examine released in early September 2021 was encouraging.
The records, gathered from December 8, 2020, via July 4, 2021, reveal that, of more than 1.2 million adults who got a primary dose, fewer than 0.5% said a leap forward infection two weeks or extra after getting the vaccination. among people who acquired both photographs, fewer than 0.2% bought such an an infection all through the equal length.
Even more advantageous: the percentages of a fully vaccinated adult who does catch COVID-19 needing a medical institution reside shrank by way of greater than two-thirds, compared with an unvaccinated coronavirus patient. The survey also found that the risk of sufferers littered with lengthy COVID, with indicators lasting more than a month, were cut in half with the aid of full vaccination.
Do I nonetheless deserve to put on a masks after receiving a COVID vaccine?when you've gotten vaccinated it takes about two weeks for the physique to boost immunity, so you'll should continue taking precautions like social distancing and wearing masks to cut back your risk of an infection right through that time.
After that, the CDC says it's secure for totally vaccinated people shed their masks in some cases, even though it urged the persisted use of masks indoors in areas of higher transmission because the more contagious Delta variant spread. Masks are nonetheless required for everyone in definite venues like airlines, public transit and health care facilities.
Many states have since dropped their masks mandates, although masks are nevertheless advised for individuals who are not vaccinated.
What am i able to safely do after i am thoroughly vaccinated?once americans are entirely vaccinated — that means two weeks have handed after their ultimate dose — the CDC is assuring americans that they can can resume most actions and accumulate with other vaccinated people, indoors or outdoors.
Vaccinated individuals now not should self-quarantine after commute. The CDC has a extra particular list of do's and don'ts here.
Can employers force you to get vaccinated?Many gigantic organizations already do, and President Biden is following suit.
On September 9, 2021, Mr. Biden announced new COVID-19 vaccine requirements, so they can have an effect on roughly 100 million americans. the new measures encompass a vaccine mandate for all federal employees and contractors, and a requirement that companies with over 100 personnel mandate vaccines or normal trying out.
The branch of Labor's Occupational safeguard and health Administration (OSHA) is setting up a rule requiring those employers to be certain their body of workers is fully vaccinated or require unvaccinated employees to get a bad check at the least once every week.
© provided by means of CBS information Biden ambitions employees with new COVID vaccine ... 03:50 "commonly talking, employers are free to require safety measures like vaccination with exceptions for certain personnel," referred to Aaron Goldstein, a labor and employment partner at the overseas law firm Dorsey & Whitney. "So the answer is probably going to be yes, with an asterisk." Many hospitals, as an instance, have lengthy required group of workers to get vaccines, with exemptions allowed for medical or spiritual motives.
American workers largely returned employers making that call. greater than half of those in a single contemporary ballot say they favor requiring vaccination for his or her offices.
Do I should get vaccinated if I've already had COVID?Even after you've gotten gotten unwell from COVID-19 and recovered, you may nonetheless get it once again. So-known as natural immunity varies from person to grownup. The vaccines, on the other hand, give a reliably high level of coverage.
That stated: if you had been handled with monoclonal antibodies or convalescent plasma during your ailment, make sure you wait 90 days before getting a COVID-19 vaccine. The CDC also recommends remember to discuss with your medical professional before continuing.
What are the ingredients in COVID vaccines?The FDA has posted unique advice on its web site, including a full listing of ingredients for the Moderna, Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson vaccines.
Why are the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines two doses?For these vaccines to attain optimum effectiveness, two doses are vital. the first injection starts building coverage within the immune gadget. A 2nd shot increases the amount of that protection to more than ninety% against the virus.
In reporting on this difficulty, CBS MoneyWatch senior reporter Stephen Gandel uncovered considerations that getting just one of the two photographs may definitely make the pandemic worse over time.
"The situation is that if people get one shot, and never two shots, and those people get exposed to the coronavirus, the virus might not get killed off [from] them… and the virus will determine a method to adapt itself, after which it could spread once more. Then we may have a vaccine-resistant stress of the coronavirus obtainable," he defined.
Why became there a temporary "pause" on the Johnson & Johnson vaccine?On April 13, U.S. fitness officials informed a temporary "pause" in use of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine after a number of circumstances of rare blood clots had been said. health officers identified 16 instances, in most cases among ladies beneath the age of fifty, three of whom died, out of greater than 6.8 million people who had received doses of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine.
The pause turned into lifted 10 days later after a CDC panel of clinical experts determined that the benefits of the vaccine outweigh the risks. A warning turned into introduced about an accelerated risk of infrequent however severe blood clots for women beneath 50.
The CDC and FDA spoke of the blood clots, known as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, had been seen alongside low tiers of blood platelets — an peculiar aggregate that requires really expert medicine. The organizations stated the "adversarial events" appear to be extraordinarily rare, but that the pause was crucial in order that fitness care suppliers could be made aware about the way to appreciate and control such cases.
"probably the most issues that you can take away from all of here's that when the surveillance system, the CDC and the FDA, say that some thing is protected, which you can be certain that it's secure," Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation's right infectious diseases expert, talked about.
how many americans need to be vaccinated before we attain herd immunity?consultants have not reached a consensus on precisely what it'll take for the area to obtain herd immunity — a degree of common protection that leaves the virus few final ambitions, so outbreaks can now not flourish.
a big majority of the population will should be vaccinated before it could actually take place.
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You can see your own state's plan through a dropdown menu via the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's coronavirus vaccine hub." , "@type": "Question", "name": "When can children get the vaccine?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "Estimate s vary, but kids as young as first grade might be able to get vaccinated against COVID-19 by September 2021, White House chief medical adviser Dr. Anthony Fauci said in early February. Vaccine makers have begun including children in clinical trials, with results expected in the coming months. " , "@type": "Question", "name": "What are the differences between the COVID vaccines?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "In December 2020, the FDA authorized emergency use of two coronavirus vaccines in the U.S., one made by Pfizer and BioNTech, and the other by Moderna. Both involve two doses, and both are made using messenger RNA, or mRNA, technology. Traditionally, vaccines have been made from a weakened or inactivated germ that trains the immune system to fight off infection if it encounters the virus in the future. But mRNA vaccines do something different: They teach human body cells how to make a harmless piece of a protein — a 'spike protein' — that's also found on t he surface of the coronavirus. After that protein piece emerges on the surface of a cell, the human immune system recognizes it and begins making antibodies for it — which offer protection if the person is exposed to the actual virus in the future. Additional vaccine options are likely to become available soon. Johnson & Johnson is seeking FDA authorization for its single-dose vaccine, which has the advantage of being stored in regular refrigerators. A two-dose vaccine from Oxford and AstraZeneca is approved in the U.K. and European Union but not yet in the U.S." , "@type": "Question", "name": "Do the COVID vaccines protect against new variants?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "Health officials are tracking the spread of a number of variants of the coronavirus across the U.S., including a much more contagious version first identified in South Africa, another that's rampant in the U.K., and one linked to travelers from Brazil. Citing preliminary studies, the C DC said the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines show signs of recognizing those variants. South Africa suspended the start of its Oxford-AstraZeneca inoculation program in early February over concerns the shot doesn't work as well against the variant there." , "@type": "Question", "name": "What are the known side effects of the COVID vaccine?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "In general, side effects are not uncommon with vaccines, and the COVID-19 shot is no exception. Your body's immune reaction could include the same kinds of side effects often seen with other vaccines, including a sore arm, fatigue, fever, chills or headaches." , "@type": "Question", "name": "Who shouldn't get a COVID vaccine?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "Like most vaccines, this one may not be for everyone. The CDC says people allergic to the ingredient polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate, which is similar, should not get an mRNA COVID vaccine, and anyone who has an immediate allergic reaction to the first dose should not get the second one. People with a history of allergic reaction to a vaccine or injectable therapy for another disease should talk to their doctors, the CDC advises. It says people with food allergies do not need to avoid the vaccine." , "@type": "Question", "name": "Should you get a COVID vaccine during pregnancy?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "The CDC, the World Health Organization and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists all advise pregnant patients to talk with a doctor about whether to get a vaccine. Pregnant people were not included in the clinical trials, so data is lacking, and the official guidance has left some confused. Many doctors, however, believe the shots are a good idea because of the known risk of severe illness from COVID-19 during pregnancy." , "@type": "Question", "name": "How long will COVID vaccine protection last?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "Researcher s and health experts say they don't know for sure. On its official web FAQ, the CDC says, 'We won't know how long immunity lasts after vaccination until we have more data on how well COVID-19 vaccines work in real-world conditions.' That said, Moderna CEO Stephane Bancel has offered a rough window: 'We believe there will be protection potentially for a couple of years.' " , "@type": "Question", "name": "Can you still spread COVID after getting the vaccine?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "People who receive a vaccine dramatically lower their chance of getting sick from the virus, but the vaccine trials did not determine whether a person could still be infectious after getting immunized. 'We just do not know yet the answer to (that) question,' said Dr. Jaime Sepulveda, executive director of the Institute for Global Health Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco. 'The clinical trials were not designed to have that as an endpoint.' " , "@type": "Ques tion", "name": "Do I still need to wear a mask after receiving a COVID vaccine?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "Once you've gotten vaccinated it takes several weeks for the body to develop immunity, so you'll need to continue taking precautions like social distancing and wearing masks to reduce your risk of infection during that time. Even after that, experts say that until we get more information on the extent to which vaccinated people might still be able to spread the virus, people should continue practice social distancing and wear masks. Over time, as more people get vaccinated and infection rates decline, it may become safe to ease up. " , "@type": "Question", "name": "Can employers force you to get vaccinated?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "The federal government doesn't require vaccinations for anyone. But state and local governments might for their employees. And individual businesses can, in general, impose similar requirements. 'Genera lly speaking, employers are free to require safety measures like vaccination with exceptions for certain employees,' said Aaron Goldstein, a labor and employment partner at the international law firm Dorsey & Whitney. 'So the answer is likely to be yes, with an asterisk.' " , "@type": "Question", "name": "Do I need to get vaccinated if I've already had COVID?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "Even after you've gotten sick from COVID-19 and recovered, you could still get it again; experts do not know how, for sure, long someone might carry antibodies after a bout with coronavirus. So-called natural immunity varies from person to person. The vaccines, on the other hand, provide a reliably high level of protection." , "@type": "Question", "name": "What are the ingredients in COVID vaccines?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "Both government-approved vaccines are free of eggs, preservatives, or latex. A full list of ingredients can be found on the CD C's website." , "@type": "Question", "name": "Why are the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines two doses?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "For these vaccines to reach maximum effectiveness, two doses are needed. The first injection starts building protection in the immune system. A second shot increases the amount of that protection to more than 90% against the virus." , "@type": "Question", "name": "How many people need to be vaccinated before we reach herd immunity?", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "Experts haven't reached a consensus on exactly what it will take for the world to achieve herd immunity — a level of widespread protection that leaves the virus few remaining targets, so outbreaks can no longer flourish. The bulk of the U.S. population will need to be vaccinated before it can happen; 50% won't be enough, Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation's top infectious diseases expert, has said. " ]
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